Period1C


 * // You may wonder, what makes a river unclean? [[image:http://stevegarufi.com/passaic6.jpg width="346" height="270" caption="Pollution on the side on the Tributary"]] //**//Items like "Off" can be harmful because they include chemicals that kill insects and animals.//

In Science class we are testing a Passaic River tributary. From just looking at the tributary with the naked eye, we can see that the tributary seems bedraggled. It also seems to be murky, and filled with mud and algae, there was also rust coming from the point sources. However, without science we cannot disprove our theries/ hypothesis to be correct, so we must do tests.
 * //General Knowledge-//**

Our group hypothesis is that the river is polluted, dirty. This is because from seeing the rust debris and color coming from the point sources, we can see it is not drinkable water. The water looks like some pipes lead into the river, and there is many bottles along the side of it. However, there is many fish and tadpoles in the water, which is usually a sign of cleaness; either way our hypothesis is that the river is polluted.
 * //Hypothesis-//**

Some things our group noticed was: Pollution Seen:
 * //Observations-//**
 * Fish (Believed to be Guppies)
 * Tadpoles
 * Worms
 * A Dead Frog (Believed to have been eaten by a bird)
 * Birds
 * "Off" (Bug Spray)
 * Rust coming from pipes
 * Laundry water coming from house pipes
 * Cigarettes
 * Cola bottles
 * Tennis balls/Golf balls/baseballs

Our three locations for testing were Point Source #1 (Where we first came out to test), Pool Pipe #1 (The first pipe that we encountered on the way to the pool), and the Bridge (The broken bridge opposite the pool.)
 * //Areas-//**

//**__What is turbidity?__ Turbidity** is the cloudiness or haziness of a fluid caused by individual particles (suspended solids) that are generally invisible to the naked eye, similar to smoke in air. The measurement of turbidity is a key test of water quality. (URL: [])

Temperature** is a thermodynamic quantity that is related to the average energy of motion, or kinetic energy, of particles in matter. (URL: [])
 * __What is temperature?__

The **volumetric flow rate** in fluid dynamics and hydrometry, (also known as **volume flow rate** or **rate of fluid flow**) is the volume of fluid which passes through a given surface per unit time. (URL: [])//
 * __What is flow rate?__**

The **alkalinity** in a water sample measured by the amount of standard acid needed to lower the pH to a level of 8.3 as indicated by the change of color of the phenolphthalein from pink to clear. (URL: [])
 * //__What is Alkalinity?__//**

A precision test is used to test the level of acitity in the water. (Found from Precision test Packet)
 * //__What is a precision test?__//**

A ground moisture test is used to see how wet the ground near the river is. (Found from Ground Moisture test Packet)
 * //__What is a Ground Moisture test?__//**


 * LOCATION TEST....**

Point Source #1- Turbitity Test- 11 NTU Temperature- 21.8c Flow rate per second- 2.42 Soil Moisture- 25%

Pool Pipe #1- Temperature- 22.2c Flow rate per second- 0.265 Turbitity- 24.6 NTU Soil Moisture- 18%

Bridge- Temperature- 22.5c Flow rate per second- 3.83 Turbitity -10.6 NTU Soil Moisture- 21%*

WATER TESTS.... Alkalinity test- 150ppm calcium carbonate Precision test- 7.5 Ph**
 * River-

After all of our tests, our tributary seemed somewhat "In the middle." This is because our turbitity tests were off by a lot. Learning from this, it shows we messed up the turbitity numbers, however the Temperature and flow rate tests are good. These two tests' numbers are standard, making the river your average "21st Century" clean river. What I mean by 21st century clean? I mean that in our world now it is considered clean, but back 3,000 years ago or more, this river would have been deemed dirty.
 * //Conclusion-//**


 * Guestimated number due to the unability of getting to test this area.